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With 139,000 km of public roads, the Netherlands has one of the most dense road networks in the world - much denser than Germany and France, but still not as dense as Belgium. In 2013, 5,191 km were national roads, 7,778 km were provincial roads, and 125,230 km were municipality and other roads. Dutch roads include 3,530 km of motorways and expressways,〔 and with a motorway density of 64 kilometres per 1,000 km2, the country also has one of the densest motorway networks in the world. In Dutch a motorway is called "autosnelweg" or simply "snelweg"; other expressways are just called "autoweg" (''literally: "car road"''). According to a 2004 estimate, some 12,500 km of road remain as yet unpaved. Mobility on Dutch roads has grown continuously since the 1950s and now exceeds 200 billion km travelled per year. With a population of 16.8 million people, this comes down to an average of per person per day. Around half of all trips in the Netherlands are made by car,〔 making up three quarters of all passenger kilometres travelled, meaning that while Dutch roads are numerous, they are also used with one of the highest intensities of any road network.〔 Car ownership in the Netherlands is high but not exceptional, and slightly lower than in surrounding countries.〔List of countries by vehicles per capita〕 Goods vehicles make up 20% of total traffic,〔 and road transport accounts for 40% of all freight movements registered, including overseas shipping. The busiest Dutch motorway is the A16 in Rotterdam, with a traffic volume of 232.000 vehicles per day.〔(Traffic volumes in the Netherlands )〕 The A12 near Utrecht comes second at 220.000 vehicles per day. The busiest 4-lane motorway in the Netherlands is the A10 in the Coen Tunnel in Amsterdam with 110.000 vehicles per day. The widest Dutch motorway is the A15/A16 just south of Rotterdam with 16 lanes in a 4+4+4+4 setup. ==History== The Netherlands' first centrally planned highway system dates back to the early 19th century, when Napoleon was emperor of France, and the Kingdom of Holland was annexed into the French empire. In 1811 Napoleon decreed that a network of 229 paved imperial roads (Routes Impériales) would be created, extending from Paris to the borders of his empire.〔Liste des routes impériales françaises de 1811 - Wikipedia〕〔Route impériale - Wikipedia (NL)〕 In addition to systematic paving, the roads were all numbered, an innovation at the time. Construction of several imperial highways through the Netherlands commenced. Amsterdam was connected to Paris by ''Route Impériale no. 2'' - a section between Amsterdam and Utrecht is today still a part of the A2 motorway. After the liberation in 1813, the Netherlands' new king continued the project, but with Amsterdam at the centre. The plan was expanded several times. In 1821 it projected 42 Rijksstraatwegen (literally: "Imperial paved roads"), which were built up to 1850.〔(Autosnelwegen.nl - 1. 1795-1839 - Begin van een Rijkswegennet (Dutch) )〕 Since 1927 this network was transformed into today's system of Rijkswegen (national highways) in the Netherlands.〔(Rijkswegenplan 1927 - Wegenwiki (NL) )〕 The first motorway dates back to 1936, when the current A12 was opened to traffic between Voorburg and Zoetermeer, near The Hague. Motorway construction accelerated in the 1960s and 1970s, but halted in the 1980s. Current motorway expansion mostly occurs outside the Randstad, and very little construction has taken place inside the Randstad since the 1980s. Since 1991, only 100 kilometers of motorway have been constructed in the entire country, of which only 26 km lie within the Randstad metropolitan area.〔(Autosnelwegen.nl )〕 The population has grown by 1.5 million since,〔:nl:Nederland#Demografie〕 creating significant pressure on the motorway network. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Road transport in the Netherlands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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